When are mycotoxin risks in grain storage facilities at their highest in Pakistan, and when should preventive binders be doubled in the diet?

Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins and ochratoxins produced by *Aspergillus* and *Penicillium* molds, are a major threat to layer health. In Pakistan, mycotoxin contamination risks in stored feed grains (like maize and wheat) peak during the hot, humid monsoon season (July to September) and the immediate post-harvest storage phase when grain moisture levels can exceed safe limits (above 13%). During these high-risk months, storage molds proliferate rapidly inside silos. Farmers must double the dosage of broad-spectrum mycotoxin binders (containing modified aluminosilicates and yeast cell wall extracts) in the feed to prevent immunosuppression and liver damage in their laying flocks. Mycotoxicoses guides are available in the Poultry Encyclopedia, premium toxin binders and mold inhibitors are sold on Poultry Plaza, grain price trends are on Poultry Rates, and certified tested feeds are traded on Murghi Mandi.