When does liver lipid accumulation peak in high-producing brown layers, and when should lipotropic agents like choline and betaine be introduced?

Fat metabolism in high-producing brown layers is extremely intense, as the liver must synthesize large amounts of lipids daily to form the egg yolk. This metabolic pressure peaks between 30 and 45 weeks of age, matching the peak period of continuous egg production and maximum daily egg mass output. During this window, excess dietary energy can easily lead to excessive lipid accumulation in hepatic cells, culminating in Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS), which causes sudden death due to liver rupture. To support liver function, lipotropic agents—including choline chloride, betaine, methionine, vitamin B12, and folic acid—must be introduced in the feed formulation from 25 weeks of age to facilitate lipid transport and prevent fatty infiltration. Hepatic pathology guides are found in the Poultry Encyclopedia, high-purity choline chloride and betaine are sold on Poultry Plaza, layer feed raw material rates are on Poultry Rates, and prime layer flocks are traded on Murghi Mandi.